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Citing Sources

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) citation style is used primarily for electronics, engineering, telecommunications, computer science, and information technology reports.  It is based on the Chicago style, and it is used in all IEEE publications.

Unique features of the IEEE style:

  1. Each reference is numbered in square brackets, and arranged in the order of appearance
  2. Each reference has a hanging indent
  3. The author name is first name (or initial) and last. This differs from other styles such as APA where author's last name is first
  4. The title of an article (or chapter, conference paper, patent, etc.) is in quotation marks
  5. The title of the book or journal is in italics.

IEEE Style Manual (Official)

Examples